Established in terms of Royal Decree M/29 of 18 October 2000 (22 Rajab 1421 Hijra) as a joint-stock company, Marafiq is owned by its four major shareholders - the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu (RC), Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco), and the Public Investment Fund (PIF). Seven private-sector investors make up the remaining shareholders. Marafiq started operating as a private power and water utility company on 1 January 2003, with SR 2,5 billion of initial owner equity.

Marafiq's headquarters are in Jubail Industrial City on the Arabian Gulf, and the regional office is based in Yanbu Industrial City on the Red Sea. A representative office is located in Riyadh.